Export:
export NLS_CHARACTERSET=WE8ISO8859P1
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1
exp system@karen file=karen.dmp,  full=y, log=karen_exp.log, compress=n, direct=y

Invoking Export As SYSDBA
SYSDBA is used internally and has specialized functions; 
its behavior is not the same as for generalized users.
Therefore, you should not typically need to invoke Export as SYSDBA, 
except in the following situations:
1) At the request of Oracle technical support
2) When using transportable tablespaces

exp \'username/password AS SYSDBA\'
exp \'username/password@instance AS SYSDBA\'

exp \'sys/elms AS SYSDBA\' file=dptmss01_full_sysdba.exp,  full=y, log=dptmss01_full_sysdba.log, compress=n

Seems to Work:
exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' file=dptmss01_full_sysdba.exp,  full=y, log=dptmss01_full_sysdba.log, compress=n

The Export utility provides four modes of export:
1) Full
2) User (Owner)
3) Table
4) Tablespace

Table 1-1 Objects Exported and Imported in Each Mode

Object	Table Mode	User Mode	Full Database Mode	Tablespace Mode
Analyze cluster	No	Yes	Yes	No
Analyze tables/statistics	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Application contexts	No	No	Yes	No
Auditing information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
B-tree, bitmap, domain, functional indexes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Cluster definitions	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Column and table comments	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Database links	No	Yes	Yes	No
Default roles	No	No	Yes	No
Dimensions	No	Yes	Yes	No
Directory aliases	No	No	Yes	No
External tables (without data)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Foreign function libraries	No	Yes	Yes	No
Indexes ownerd by users other than table owner	Yes (Privileged users only)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Index types	No	Yes	Yes	No
Java resources and classes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Job queues	No	Yes	Yes	No
Nested table data	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Object grants	Yes (Only for tables and indexes)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Object type definitions used by table	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Object types	No	Yes	Yes	No
Operators	No	Yes	Yes	No
Password history	No	No	Yes	No
Postinstance actions and objects	No	No	Yes	No
Postschema procedural actions and objects	No	Yes	Yes	No
Posttable actions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Posttable procedureal actions and objects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Preshema procedural objects and actions	No	Yes	Yes	No
Pretable actions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pretable procedural actions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Private synonyms	No	Yes	Yes	No
Procedural objects	No	Yes	Yes	No
Profiles	No	No	Yes	No
Public synonyms	No	No	Yes	No
Referential integrity constraints	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Refresh groups	No	Yes	Yes	No
Resource costs	No	No	Yes	No
Role grants	No	No	Yes	No
Roles	No	No	Yes	No
Rollback segment definitions	No	No	Yes	No
Security policies for table	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sequence numbers	No	Yes	Yes	No
Snapshot logs	No	Yes	Yes	No
Snapshots and materialized views	No	Yes	Yes	No
System privilege grants	No	No	Yes	No
Table constraints (primary, unique, check)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Table data	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Table definitions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Tablespace definitions	No	No	Yes	No
Tablespace quotas	No	No	Yes	No
Triggers	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Triggers owned by other users	Yes (Privileged users only)	No	No	No
User definitions	No	No	Yes	No
User proxies	No	No	Yes	No
User views	No	Yes	Yes	No
User-stored procedures, packages, and functions	No	Yes	Yes	No

Note:
A full export does not export triggers owned by schema SYS.
You must manually re-create SYS triggers wither before or after the full import.
Oracle Corporation recommends that you re-create them after the import 
in case they define actions that would impede progress of the import.

Parameters:
compress (y)
consistent (n)
constraints (y)
direct (n)
file (expdat.dmp)
full (n)
grants (y)
indexes (y)
log (none)
owner (none)
parfile (none)
rows (y)
statistics (ESTIMATE)
tables (none)
tablespace (none)
triggers (y)

Certain parameters can conflict with each other.

Exit Codes:
EX_SUCC		Export terminated successfully without warnings
EX_OKWARN	Export terminated successfully with warnings
EX_FAIL		Export terminated unsuccessfully

Unix
EX_SUCC		0
EX_OKWARN	0
EX_FAIL		1