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Railway Yard Design and Operations
Classification Yards for Carload Freight
Aliberta, J. and Hauck, D. (1989) Modern Hump Yard Control: Philosophy and Design. Railway Technology International 1989, 187-219.
Allen, M. M. and Rennicke, W. J. (1977) Terminal Sequencing System, Proceedings of the Transportation Research Forum 18 (1) 414-420.
American Railway Engineering Association (1967) Description of an English Hydraulically Operated System for Controlling Car Movements in Classification Yards, AREA Bulletin 69, 158-166. TRIS Abstract
American Railway Engineering Association (1961) Rollability of Cars, AREA Bulletin 62, 799-802. TRIS Abstract
Beckmann, M. J., McGuire C. B. and Winsten C. B. (1956) Studies in the Economics of Transportation. Oxford University Press, London, 113-171.
Bender, E.K., Wittig, L. E., and Waldman, C. E. (1981) Railroad Yard Simulation Model: Description and Computer Program Users' Manual, Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc, Cambridge, MA, (DOT-FR-8091) TRIS Abstract, NTIS #PB82138686
Bick, D. E. (1984) A History of the Dowty Marshalling Yard Wagon Control System, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers 198B (2) 19-26.
Billmeyer, G. W. (1957) The Trainmaker Yard, December 1957 Trains 18 (12) 50-52.
Bisgeier, C. (2000) The Layout Design Primer, Chapter D(2) -- Yard Design. NMRA Layout Design Special Interest Group. Full Text
Brandalik, F. and Kluvanek, P. (1976) Capacity Problems at the Sorting Sidings of a Marshalling Yard. Rail International 1976 (5) 264-283. TRIS Abstract
Cardoso-Contreras, S. and Wong, P. J.. (1983) Engineering Design and Operational Study of Coyotepec Yard, Transportation Research Record 927, 56-62.
Christianson, H. B. (1972) Should Future Yards Classify Freight in Two Stages? Railway Management Review 72 (2) A20-A32.
Christianson, H. B. et al. (1979) Committee 14 -- Yards and Terminals -- Report on Assignment #7 Yard System Design for Two-Stage Switching. American Railway Engineering Association Bulletin 81 (11) pp. 145-155.
Conrad, B., Elliott, C. V., Johnson, J. M.,Tashker, M. G., Wong, P. J. (1977) Improved Railroad Operations Using a Railroad Automated Identification Operations Planning Decision and Location System: Volume 1: New Procedures for Making Tactical Operations Planning Decisions; Volume 2: DMP Technical Documentation, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. (DOT-FR-45020) TRIS Abstract, Vol 1 NTIS# PB275591, Vol 2 NTIS# PB275592.
Conway, D. C. (1983) The VR-IV Retarder Control System, Transportation Research Record 927, 29-31.
CSX Transportation (1994) Presentation, ORSA/TIMS Rail Special Interest Group meeting, session on Rail Terminal Modeling, April 24-27, Boston MA.
Daganzo, C. F., Dowling, R. G. and Hall, R. W. (1983) Railroad Classification Yard Throughput: The Case of Multistage Triangular Sorting. Transportation Research A, 17A (2) 95-106.
Daganzo, C. F. (1986) Static Blocking at Railyards: Sorting Implications and Track Requirements. Transportation Science 20 (3) 189-199.
Daganzo, C. F. (1987) Dynamic Blocking for Railyards: Part I. Homogeneous Traffic. Transportation Research B 21 (1) 1-27.
Daganzo, C. F. (1987) Dynamic Blocking for Railyards: Part II. Heterogeneous Traffic. Transportation Research B 21 (1) 29-40.
Davis, L. C. (1967) The Folded Two Stage Classification Yard. MBA Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. At UPenn Library
Debuschewitz, P. and Peters, J. (1989) Shunting and Control Equipment used in the Automation of Marshalling Yard on DB. Rail International 1989 (12) 19-31.
Dingle, A. D. (1984) An Evaluation of CACTUS, A Dynamic Track Assignment Program Pilot Installation at Southern Pacific's West Colton Yard, February 15, 1984, prepared for the AAR Freight Car Utilization Research-Demonstration program.
Ditmeyer, S. R. and Lang, A. S. (1972) The Effects of New Freight Car Technology on the Switching Process. Railway Management Review 72 (2) A59-A71.
Dong, Y. (1994) Using the Task Assignment Technique in Rail Yard Operations, AAR Affiliated Laboratories at M.I.T., Presentation to Railroad Industry Representatives, April 22.
Droege, J. A. (1925) Freight Terminals and Trains, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
Duffy, M. (1994) Statistical Process Control Applied to Rail Freight Terminal Performance: A Case Study of CSX's Radnor Yard, AAR Affiliated Laboratories at M.I.T., Presentation to Railroad Industry Representatives, April 22.
Eberhardt, J. S. (1964) The Effects of Shorter, More Frequent Trains on Railroad Classification Yards: A Computer Simulation, Master's Thesis, Field of Transportation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (1987) Modern Freight Yard Operations (Moderne Rangieranlagen) Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau 36 (9) 555-585. TRIS Abstract
Elliott, C. V. and Hackworth, M. R. (1983) User Description of a Dynamic Track Assignment Program: Cactus, Final Report, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, prepared for the AAR Freight Car Utilization Research-Demonstration program.
Environmental Protection Agency (1979) Environmental Impact Statement for Final Interstate Rail Carrier Noise Emission Regulation: Source Standards. Report number EPA 550/9-79-211. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Arlington, VA. TRIS Abstract
Engelberg, G. P. and Yagar, C. R. (1982) New Approaches to Yard Planning Using Computer Simulation, Proceedings of the Transportation Research Forum 23 (1) 185-194.
Engleberg, G. P. (1983) Canadian National Railways' Terminal Interactive Model (TRIM), Transportation Research Record 927, 39-45.
Farrington, S. K. (1943) Railroading from the Head End, Doubleday, Doran & Co., Garden City, N.Y., 158-172.
Federation des Industries Ferroviaires (1978) Marshalling Yards and Automation Equipment for Them. French Railway Techniques 21 (2) 149-157. TRIS Abstract
Ferguson, R. T. III (1993) Mathematical Modeling of the Railroad Switching Process, Ph. D. Dissertation, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Fukai, T. (1974) YACS (Yard Automatic Control System), Rail International, January 1974. TRIS Abstract
Garbers, E. (1977) The Automatic Run-Off Procedure in the Marshalling Yard, Rail International 1977 (12) 613-616. TRIS Abstract
Goebertshahn, R. (1974) Methodology for investigating the possibilities of forming multi-group goods trains during the first sorting phase at high-capacity marshalling yards. Rail International, December 1974, 754-766.
Goebertshahn, R. (1974) Contribution to the Solution for placing wagons and groups of wagons in the sorting sidings of Marshalling Yard Installations. (Ein Beitrag Zum Problem der Weiterfoerderung von einzelwagen und wagengruppen in Ruchtunggleisen Automatisierter Rangierbahnhoee.) Sci Comm for Way & Work & Operat Tech, 5th Session, Frankfort am Main, West Germany. TRIS Abstract
Harada, M. (1966) New type layout of tracks in a high performance freight car marshalling yard (the herringbone layout of tracks), Bulletin of the International Railway Congress Association, August 1966, 1289-1318.
Hein, O. (1972) A Two-Stage Queue Model for a Marshalling Yard. Rail International 1972 (4) 249-259. TRIS Abstract
Hein, O. (1974) The optimum number of sidings in a marshalling yard. Rail International, June 1974, 414-422.
Heggestad, R. E. (1983) Semiautomatic Operation for Upgrading Intermediate-Sized Hump Yards, Transportation Research Record 927, 23-26. TRIS Abstract
Herbst, W. (1989) Should and Can the Productivity of High-Performance Marshalling Yards by Further Increased? Rail International 1989 (11) 3-14.
Hopkins, J. B., Dorer, R. M. and McGrath, T. P. (1980) Classification Yard Capacity and Hump Yard Simulation Model, Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, MA. TRIS Abstract.
Hoppe, C. W. (1972) Do We Need Yards? Railway Management Review 72 (2) A1-A6.
Hoppe, C. W. and Hart, W. M. (1977) Potential Economies and Improvements in Performance Resulting from Improvements in Railroad Terminal Operations, Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Bethesda, MD. (DOT-FR-75242) TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB277445.
International Union of Railways (1967) Continuous Measurement and Control of the Speed of Wagons Shunted Over Humps. The Potential Capacity of Various Types of Automatic Humping System (Part I), International Union of Railways, Utrecht, Netherlands. TRIS Abstract.
International Union of Railways (1969) Continuous Measurement and Control of the Speed of Wagons Shunted Over Humps. The Potential Capacity of Various Types of Automatic Humping System, (Part II), International Union of Railways, Utrecht, Netherlands. TRIS Abstract
Jagannathan, R. (1975) Operational Strategies for Improving Freight Movement, Rail International 1975 (2) 105-127. TRIS Abstract
Kiang, R. L., Moon, A. E., Petracek, S. J., Siddiqee, M. W. (1977) Railroad Classification Yard Technology: A Survey and Assessment, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA (DOT-TSC-968). TRIS Abstract, NTIS #PB264051.
Kiang, R.L., Pleoger, D. W., Stock, W.A., Eckerle, J. and Wong, P.J. (1980) Railroad Classification Yard Technology: Assessment of Car Speed Control Systems. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB81161556.
Kiang, R. L. (1983) Effect of Measurement Errors on Car Rollability Distribution in a Yard, Transportation Research Record 927, 19-23.
Klug, K.R. (1976) Simulation of Operation in the Reception Sidings of Marshalling Yards, Rail International 1976 (4) 223-231. TRIS Abstract
Kluvanek, P. and Brandalik, F. (1974) An analysis of the wagon collection process in a marshalling yard, Rail International, October 1974, 652-?
Kluvanek, P. and Brandalik, F. (1977) On the Employment of Goods Trains to Capacity, Rail International 1977 (7) 368-394. TRIS Abstract
Koehn, K., Sabeti, A. and Holt, H. L. (1972) European Yard Retarder Systems. Railway Management Review 72 (2) A7-A19.
Konig, H. (1974) Automatic Speed Control of Cuts in Gravity Marshalling Yards of Swiss Federal Railways, Rail International, January 1974, 23-29.
Konig, H. (1979) The Problem of Organising Two-Way Shunting in Marshalling Yards. (Zur Frage Der Organisation Des Parallelablaufs in Rangierbahnhoefen). Rangiertechnik und Gleisanschlusstechnik 39, 39-41. TRIS Abstract
Konig, H. (1983) On the behavior of Long Cuts with Uneven Load and Axle Distribution in Classification Yards, Transportation Research Record 927, 1-5.
Kraft, E. R. and Guignard-Spielberg, M. (1993) A Mixed Integer Optimization Model to Improve Freight Car Classification in Railroad Yards. Report 93-06-06, Department of Operations and Information Management, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Timian’s Review NTIS #ADA289371 , GAMS Source Code
Kraft, E. R. (2000) A Hump Sequencing Algorithm for Real Time Management of Train Connection Reliability, Journal of the Transportation Research Forum 39 (4) 95-115, published jointly with Transportation Quarterly, Fall 2000 edition 54 (4). TRIS Abstract, Slide Presentation
Kubala, R. and Raney, D. (1983) A Modular Approach to Classification Yard Control, Transportation Research Record 927, 62-67. TRIS Abstract
Kwon, O. K. and Martland, C. D. (1992) Simulating Rail Network Reliability: The Effects of Traffic Variability, Line Reliability, and Controls on Dispatching Trains from Terminals, M.I.T. Working Paper, September.
Lacroix, C. (1979) Forwarding of Individual Cars under Fast Freight (RA) Conditions. (L'Acheminement des Wagons Isoles en Regime Accelere.) Revue Generale des Chemins de Fer. 98 (07) 359-368. TRIS Abstract
Landow, H. T. (1961) The elimination of random car sequence in trains, MBA Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. At UPenn Library
Landow, H. T. (1968) Overseas Railroads Try New Yard Techniques (Part I). Modern Railroads, September, 95-100.
Landow, H. T. (1968) Train Blocks and Herringbones (Part II). Modern Railroads, September, 101-102.
Landow, H. T. (1972) Yard Switching with Multiple Pass Logic. Railway Management Review 72 (1) 11-23.
Landow, H. T. (1977) The Problems and Operational Techniques of Super Volume Classification Yards. Proceedings of the Transportation Research Forum 18 406-413.
Landow, H. T. (????) Bibliography -- New Yard Techniques, Working Paper. TRIS Abstract
Leilich, R. H. (1972) Evaluation of Terminal Facilities for Service Reliability. Railway Management Review 72 (2) A72-A86.
Marr, C. (1972) Yard Research on the Deutsche Bundesbahn. Railway Management Review 72 (2) A46-A58.
Martland, C. D. (1994) New Directions for Railroad Terminal Control, Transportation Research Forum Proceedings, 36'th Annual Meeting, Daytona Beach, FL, 161-167. TRIS Abstract
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1995) Freight Service Reliability, A Seminar Sponsored by the AAR Affiliated Lab, Center for Transportation Studies, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
Melhuish, A. W. (1983) Developments in the Application of the Dowty Continuous-Control Method, Transportation Research Record 927, 32-38.
Middleton, W. D. (1979) New Approaches to Yard Automation in Japan. Railway Age, Februrary 12, 1979, pp. 46-49.
Yinghua, M. and Yang, L. (1983) Classification Yard Computer Control Systems, Transportation Research Record 927, 13-19.
Mundy, R. A., Heide, R. and Tubman, C. (1992) Applying Statistical Process Control Methods in Railroad Freight Classification Yards, Transportation Research Record 1341, 53-62. TRIS Abstract
NERAC (1994) Railroad Management Planning (A Bibliography with Abstracts), National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA. TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB95857744.
Pentinga, K. J. (1959) Teaching Simultaneous Marshalling. The Railway Gazette, May 22, 1959, pp. 590-593.
Petersen, E. R. (1977a) Railyard Modeling; Part I. Prediction of Put-Through Time, Transportation Science 11,37-49.
Petracek, S. J., Moon, A. E., Kiang, R. L. and Siddiqee, M. W. (1976) Railroad Classification Yard Technology: A Survey and Assessment, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA. TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB264051.
Petersen, E. R. (1977b) Railyard Modeling; Part II. The effect of Yard Facilities on Congestion, Transportation Science 11, 50-59.
Powell, W. B. (1986b) Iterative Algorithms for Bulk Arrival, Bulk Service Queues with Poisson and Non Poisson Arrivals, Transportation Science 20 (2) 69.
Rail International (1970) The Potential Capacity of Various Types of Automatic Humping Systems, Rail International 1970, 646-649. TRIS Abstract
Rail International (1970) The Use of Marshalling Yards and Rolling Stock. Rail International 1970 (7) 527-558. TRIS Abstract
Rail International (????) Possibilities of Economically Improving the Through-Put of Hump-Yards. Rail International. approx 1996 (per TRIS) TRIS Abstract
Railway Age (1959) Get Those Terminal Costs Down. Railway Age, June 1, 1959, 38.
Reinschmidt, A. J. (1981) Simulation of Railroad Hump Yard Activities with Emphasis on the Configuration of the Classification Yard, Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL.
Rao, M. S. (1976) Switch Back Hump - A new marshalling tool. Rail International 1976 (4) 219-222.
Rice, J. A. (1983) A Computer for your Old Hump Yard?, Transportation Research Record 927, 27-29.
Quanshou, Z. and Yuanjin, X. (1992) A Marshalling Yard Decision Support System, May 1992, Rail International.
Sargent, G. (1974) Railroad Freight Movement- Some New Concepts and Current Plans. Transportation Engineering Journal, ASCE Proceedings 100 (5) 475-487. TRIS Abstract
Savage, N. P., Tuan, P. L., Gill, L.C., Ellis, H.T. and Wong, P. J. (1981) Railroad Classification Yard Technology Manual. Volume II: Yard Computer Systems, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. TRIS Abstract, NTIS # PB82126808
Schweich, T. A. and Brown, W. B. (1972) A New Analysis of Railroad Yard Operations. Railway Management Review 72 (4) 12-27.
Shaffer, F. and Roberts, R. (1973) Hump Yards: Are the Critics Right? Modern Railroads, 1973 (7) 52-56.
Shedd, T. (1973) How to Make Yards Work For Us, Modern Railroads, 1973 (7) 51.
Siddiqee, M. W. (1971) Investigation of Sorting and Train Formation Schemes for a Railroad Hump Yard. In Traffic Flow and Transportation, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Theory of Traffic Flow and Transportation, June 16-18, 1971, G. F. Newell, editor, American Elsevier Publishing Company, New York.
Siddiqee, M. W., D'Esopo, A. D. and Tuan, P. L. (1975) Blocking and Train Operations Planning, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA. TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB248355.
Sotnikov, E. A., Tishkov, L. B. and Strakovsky, I.I. (1980) Ways of Intensifying Classification Yard Operation. Rail International 1980 (7) 428-447. TRIS Abstract
Stock, W. A. and Elliot, C. V. (1978) Classification Yard Capacity and Hump Yard Simulation Model Documentation, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB300326 see also Source Code.
Stock, W. A., Hackworth, M. A. and Wong, P. J.. (1983) Empirical Results from Freight Car Rollability Study, Transportation Research Record 927, 5-13.
Stusnick, E., Montroll, M. and Kohli, V. (1981) Railroad Classification Yard Technology: Noise Control. Wyle Laboratories, Arlington, VA. TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB81199739.
Sussman, J.M. (1973) Why we Need a New Yard Philosophy. Modern Railroads 1973 (7) 28. TRIS Abstract
Sussman, J.M., Martland, C.D., Juster, R.D., Kruger, J.A., Michaels, L. and Gray, R. (1977) The U.S. Railroads: Some Alternatives for Improvement. Multisystems, Inc., Cambridge, MA. (DOT-FRA-757-5266) TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB295793.
Tamaki, T. and Usami, Y. (1971) Linear-Motorized Yard Automation System, Rail International 1971 (6) 534-542. TRIS Abstract
Timian, D. H. (1994) Current Methods for Optimizing Rail Marshalling Yard Operations, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. NTIS# ADA289371.
Ullman, E. R. (1957) American Commodity Flow: A Geographical Interpretation of Rail and Water Traffic Based on Principles of Spatial Interchange, University of Washington Press, Seattle. (Gives locations of yards and traffic flow densities)
United States Army, Field Manual 55-20, Rail Transport in a Theater of Operations, Chapter 6: Yard and Terminal Operations and Procedures.
Vallet, R. (1972) French National Railroad's Yard Research, Railway Management Review 72 (2) A33-A45.
Voigt, W. (1966) The Technical Arrangements of the Track Diagram on the Installations for Transhipment of Goods in Marshalling Yards (Gleisplantechnische einordnung von guterimschlaosanlagen in Rangierbahnhoken.) Wissenschaftliche Zietschrift der Hochs fuer Verk 3 411-412. TRIS Abstract
Wang, X. (1997) Improving Planning for Railroad Yard, Forestry and Distribution, Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Operations and Information Management, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Welty, G. (1980) Outlook: Fewer Yards, Faster Output. Railway Age, October 13, 1980, pp. 16-17. TRIS Abstract
Westinghouse Air Brake Company (1976) Railroad Freight Car Classification Yards: Installations 1924-1976. Westinghouse Air Brake Company, Union Switch and Signal Division, Swissvale, PA. TRIS Abstract
Wetzel, J. A. (1985) Optimal Use of Classification Yards. Transportation Research Record 1029, 36-41. TRIS Abstract
Wilson, D. S. and Petersen, N. J. (1981) Railroad Classification Yard Technology: Evaluation of Approaches to Presence Detection. Shaker Research Corp., Ballston Lake, NY. TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB81193286.
Witt, E. S. and Shedlock, N. (ed) (1980) Proceedings of the October 1979 Workshop for Classification Yard Technology "A Status Report on Yard Research." Pacific Consultants, Boston, MA. (DOT-FRA-9126) TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB81143315.
Witt, E. S. (1981) Proceedings of the Workshop (2nd) for Railroad Classification Yard Technology held at St. Louis, MO on May 6 and 7, 1981, Pacific Consultants, Boston, MA. TRIS Abstract, NTIS#82114398.
Wong, P. J. (1975) Fundamentals of Railroad Hump Yard Design, Traffic Quarterly 29 (1) 133-147. TRIS Abstract
Wong, P. J., Elliott, C. V. and Hathorne, M. R. (1979) Demonstration of a Dynamic Track Assignment Program, Phase I Report, prepared for the AAR Freight Car Utilization Research-Demonstration program.
Wong, P. J., Elliott, C. V., Kiang, R. L., Sakasita, M. and Stock, W. A. (1978) Railroad Classification Yard Technology. Design Methodology Study. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. (DOT-TSC-1337) TRIS Abstract, NTIS# PB80190481.
Wong, P. J., Hathorne, M. R., Elliott, C. V. and Hackworth, M. A. (1983) TRACS: On-line Track Assignment Computer System. Transportation Research Record 917, 26-29. TRIS Abstract
Wong, P. J., Sakasita, M., Stock, W.A., Elliott, C. V. and Hackworth, M. A. (1981) Railroad Classification Yard Technology Manual -- Volume I: Yard Design Methods, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. TRIS Abstract, NTIS #PB81200560.
Wright, W. B. (1960) How Cars in Multiple Cut Costs, Railway Age, January 4, 1960, 23-35.
Wunderlich, W. H. and Wiedenbein, R. (1972) The Simulation of Operational Events in a Marshalling Yard, Rail International 1972 (6) 336-349. TRIS Abstract
Yagar, S. and Saccomanno, F. F. (1983) An Efficient Sequencing Model for Humping in a Rail Yard, Transportation Research A 17 (4), pp. 251-262, 1983.
Zadel, J. L. (1983) TRIM Simulation of Canadian National Railways' Thornton Yard, Transportation Research Record 927, 46-56.
Patents
Beule, E., US Patent #5,758,848, Automatic Switching System for Track-Bound Freight Cars, Jun. 2, 1998.
Bezos, A. P., US Patent #5,986,577, Method of Determining Car Position, Nov. 16, 1999.
Bodkin, W. A., US Patent #5,388,525, Railway Car Retarder, Feb. 14, 1995. (Clasp)
Brown, N. C. L., US Patent #2,045,695, Control System for Classification Yards, June 30, 1936.
Chongben, Z. and Zhengli, X., US Patent #4,766,815, Up-Grade Speed Control System of Railway Marshalling Yard, Aug. 30, 1998.
Convey, R. W., US Patent #3,598,990, Route-Switching System for Railroad Classification Yard, Aug. 10, 1971.
Cornish, J. E., US Patent #4,354,792, Train Positioner, Oct. 19, 1982.
DePaola, J. J. and Morse, C. W., US Patent #3,865,042, Automatic Switching Control System for Railway Classification Yards, Feb. 11, 1975.
Frank, E. E., US Patent #4,034,677, Railroad Classification Yards, July 12, 1977.
Frielinghaus, K. H., Langdon, J. L. and Wetmore, A. W., US Patent #3,307,031, Automatic Switching System, Feb. 28, 1967.
Giras, T. C., Profeta, J. A., Romano, D., and Elm, J. P., US Patent #5,676,337, Railway Car Retarder System, Oct. 14, 1997. (Electromagnetic Induction)
Halvorson, D. H., US Patent #5,986,579, Method and Apparatus for Determining Railcar Order in a Train, Nov. 16, 1999.
Harada, M., US Patent #3,889,603, Double Loop Track System for Railway Freightyard and Freight Station, June 17, 1975.
Hughson, J. D., US Patent #2,948,234, Remote Control Organization for a Locomotive, Aug. 9, 1960.
Ingvast, H. and Karlsson, B., US Patent #4,480,723, Marshalling Yard Retarder, Nov. 6, 1984. (Spiral retarder)
Kempa, B., US Patent #4,174,820, Method for Moving a Railway Switch and Equipment for Implementing the Method, Nov. 20, 1979.
Kubala, R. LaPolla, A. Raney, D. and Morse, C. W., US Patent #4,610,206, Micro Controlled Classification Yard, Sep. 9, 1986.
McCune, R. B. and Koment, E. J., US Patent #3,727,559, Cross-Over Control for Classification Yard Having Two Hump Tracks, Apr. 17, 1973.
Morihara, K., Homma, H. and Sunami, K., US Patent #4,689,602, Railway Car Order Selecting System, Aug. 25, 1987.
Overmiller, R. A., US Patent #1,825,415, Railway Switch, Sep. 29, 1931.
Parry, I. C., US Patent # 5,092,248, Railway Wagon Retarder, Mar. 3, 1992. (Dowty)
Seiford, D. S., US Patent #4,926,755, Rail Car Moving System, May 22, 1990.
Stapp, H. E., US Patent #2,976,817, Mechanism for Switching, Classifying and Segregating Railroad Cars, Mar. 28, 1961.
Waldrop, J.S., US Patent #5,777,547, Car Identification and Ordering System, Jul. 7, 1998.
Yamazaki, S., Wakao, M. and Kobayashi, Y., US Patent #3,861,316, Freight Car Classification System at Level Classification Yard, Jan. 21, 1975.
Rail Intermodal Yards and Operations
Bostel, N. and Dejax, P. (1998) Models and Algorithms for Container Allocation Problems on Trains in a Rapid Transshipment Shunting Yard. Transportation Science 32 (4), 370-379. TRIS Abstract
Jalard, B. (1994) The Commutor Project. Proceedings of the OECD Seminar on Advanced Road Transport Technologies, held June 6 thru June 9, 1994, Omiya, Saitama, Japan, pp 313-325. TRIS Abstract
Morlok, E. K. and Spasovic, L. N. (1994) Redesigning Rail-Truck Intermodal Drayage Operations for Enhanced Service and Cost Performance, Journal of the Transportation Research Forum 34 (1) 16-31. TRIS Abstract
Background on Specific Yards
Argentine Yard, Kansas City, MO
Miller, H. L. (2000) Everything's up-to-date in Kansas City, TRAINS, June 2000.
Bologna Yard
Horder, A. and Schmidt, J. (1988) Target Shooting in Bologna Marshalling Yard: A New Marshalling Procedure. Railway Technical Review 30, 13-17.
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Malone, F. (Oct. 13, 1980) Alyth: Remodeling a model yard, Railway Age, 25-26.
Cicero Yard, Chicago, IL
This exclusive online video tour comes courtesy of Kalmbach Publishing's video: TRAINS On Location- Burlington Northern's Chicago Racetrack.
Clearing Yard, Chicago, IL
Pinkepank, J. A. (1966a) A railroad's railroad: The main street of the railroad capital of the world. Trains, September 1966, 36-46.
Pinkepank, J. A. (1966b) How the Belt came to be: A formula for the relief of rail congestion. Trains, October 1966, 42-49.
Progressive Railroading (1987) Clearing's Future is Automatic, Progressive Railroading 30 (7) 50.
Conway Yard, Pittsburgh, PA
Edge Hill Yard, Liverpool, England
Photos of a model of the circa 1873 "gridiron" yard at the National Rail Museum, York, UK
Kledering Yard
International Railway Journal (1986) OBB Opens Kledering Yard, International Railway Journal 26 (10) 25-28.
Koriyama Yard, Japan
Japanese National Railways (1965) Shintsurumi Marshalling Yard and Koriyama Marshalling Yard, Working Paper, October 1965.
Miyakawa, N. (1972) Automation of Koriyama Marshalling Yard and the Herringbone Track. Rail International 1972 (5) 300-320.
Livonia Yard, Livonia, LA
Welty, G. (1995) At Livonia, An Early Payoff. Railway Age, February 1995, pp 41-42. TRIS Abstract
Northtown Yard, St Paul, MN
Castelli, M. (1996) BN's Northtown Yard: the Heart of the Green Giant, North Central Region Hotbox, Spring 1996.
Nuremberg Yard, Germany
Lorenzen, C. (1988) Reconstruction and Modernization of the Nuremberg Gravity Marshalling Yard, Railway Technical Review 1988 (30) 5-11.
Queensgate Yard, Cincinnati, OH
Some history of Queensgate Yard
Railway Age (Oct. 13, 1980) Queensgate Quickens the Pace in Cincinnati, Railway Age, 21-24.
Selkirk Yard, Albany, NY
Sentrarand Yard, South Africa
Railways Africa (1999) Sentrarand Marshalling Yard, Railways Africa, June 1999, 7-8.
Sotteville Yard
Huet, J. and Weber, O. (1973) Sotteville: An Automated Marshalling Yard, Rail International October 1973. TRIS Abstract
Shintsurumi Yard, Japan
Japanese National Railways (1965) Shintsurumi Marshalling Yard and Koriyama Marshalling Yard, Working Paper, October 1965.
Venissieux Yard, Venissieux, France
Germain, R. and Colombaud, B. (1988) Modernization of the Venissieux Marshalling Yard (La Modernisation du Triage De Venissieux). Revue Generale Des Chemins de Fer 107 (5) 25-29.
Villeneuve-Saint-Georges Yard
Huet, J. (1979) Villeneuve-Saint-Georges Marshalling Yard -- Modernization of Shunting Operations, Rail International 1979 (12) 920-924. TRIS Abstract
West Colton Yard, Los Angeles, CA
Shaffer, F. (1973) The Yard with the Long Reach: SP's Colton Yard. Modern Railroads, 1973 (7) 58-59.
Last Updated: August 24, 2002
